Saturday, November 2, 2013

3rd Assignment; Laura Westphal



Assignment # 3 Birth Rate and Ideology

I chose 6 nations, 3 with a high % of Catholics in the population and 3 with a low % of Catholics in the population that come from geographically different areas of the globe. I picked variables that I felt would have an affect over the use of contraception other than the catholic ideology of prohibition of birth control.
On the assumption that nations with large Catholic populations would have large birth rates, just by comparing the data below we can observe that this assumption is not true.

In Class Examples of High % of Catholic Countries

Mexico 82.7%
Birth rates: 18.61/1000 births
Infant mortality: 16.26/1000 deaths
Average lifespan: 76.86 years
School life expectancy:  14 years
Education expenders: 5.3% of GDP
*Urban Population: 78% of total population


Ireland 87.4%
Birth rates: 15.5/1000 births
Infant mortality: 3.78//1000 deaths
Average lifespan: 80.44 years
School life expectancy: 19 years
Education expenders: 6.5% of GDP
*Urban Population: 62% of total population


Italy 80%
Birth rates: 8.94 /1000 births
Infant mortality: 3.33/1000 deaths
Average lifespan: 81.95 years
School life expectancy: 16 years
Education expenders: 4.7% of GDP
*Urban Population: 68% of total population


My Pick of High % of Catholic Countries

Puerto Rico 85%
Birth rates: 11.28/1000 births
Infant mortality: 8/1000 deaths
Average lifespan: 79.07 years
School life expectancy: n/a
Education expenders: n/a
*Urban Population: 99% of total population

Philippians 82%
Birth rates: 24.62/1000 births
Infant mortality: 18.19/1000 deaths
Average lifespan: 72.21 years
School life expectancy: 11 years
Education expenders: 2.7% of GDP
*Urban Population: 48.8% of total population

Poland 89%
Birth rates: 9.88/1000 births
Infant mortality: 6.3/1000 deaths
Average lifespan: 76.45 years
School life expectancy: 15 years
Education expenders: 5.1% of GDP
*Urban Population: 60.9% of total population


Low % Catholic Countries

Japan 2%
Birth rates: 8.23 births
Infant mortality: 2.17/1000 deaths
Average lifespan: 84.19 years
School life expectancy: 15 years
Education expenders: 3.8% of GDP
*Urban Population: 91.3% of total population



South Africa 7.1%
Birth rates: 19.14/1000 births
Infant mortality 42.15 deaths
Average lifespan 49.48 years
School life expectancy: 13 years
Education expenders: 6% of GDP
*Urban population: 62% of total population

Iceland 2.5%
Birth rates 13.15/1000 births
Infant mortality: 3.17
Average lifespan: 81.11 years
School life expectancy: 18 years
Education expenders: 7.8% of GDP
*Urban Population: 93% of total population


            In comparing the correlation between birth rates and higher % of catholic countries we can see that countries like Italy and the Philippines who have close to the same % of Catholics in their populations (80-82%) but have birth rates with large disparities, Italy with 8.94 /1000 births and the Philippines with 24.62/1000 births.  The birth rates fluctuate between the low % of catholic countries as well, with South Africa 19.14/1000 births compared to Japan at 8.23/1000 births and Iceland 13.15/1000 births. Italy was the only country with a high catholic population and lower birthrate than other countries, but on average it seems that the Catholic Ideology has little to no influence on the outcome of births in most countries.
           Another variable that caught my interest was the contraceptive prevalence rate, which indicates the percentage of women (15-49) who are using a type of birth control who are married or a union.  This does not include men or single women; it is interesting to note that in all the countries show the contraceptive prevalence rate over 50%, regardless of the % of Catholics.  
             I had initial predicted that countries with lower education, or those who contributed less money to their education system would have higher birth rates, this proved not to be the case.  Maybe their education sectors have a curriculum on sexual education and pregnancy prevention, (we barely have it here in the U.S.) but who’s to say if they did it would really have any influence over behaviors. With the exception of the Philippines (that information was not available) the amount spent on education was all above average (which is typically 4%) and did not fluctuate with the birth rate totals. Maybe just being educated in general would have a weight against irrational, ideological thresholds.
 Neither did the amount of years spent in the school system; school life expectancy, with the exception of the Philippines which happened to have the lowest school life expectancy at 11 years and the highest rate of births 24.62/1000 births or any difference in the funding public resources seem to manipulate birthrate.
           One other disappointing variable was the urban population %.  My thoughts were that the greater the population density, the more subjected one was to resources like clinics, hospitals and non-profits would have a more dramatic influence on birth rates over those who lived in rural areas with less access. Unfortunately that variable did not prove to be any more significant than the others, with the exception again with the Philippines who had the lowest urban population of just less than half 48.8% the population and the highest birth rate.
If we look at geographical placement, upper or lower hemisphere we can compare Iceland (upper) and South Africa (lower) and see that there fairly noticeable difference, like infant mortality or mortality in general is much higher than in Iceland. They could also be divided by weather they are a developing country or not. Mexico, Puerto Rico, Philippines, South Africa and Poland are still developing while Ireland, Italy, Japan and Iceland but lastly these variable seem to not have a concurrent effect.  
            In the end I feel that I was looking at the wrong variables or needed different countries to prove a better correlation, but I feel that according to my data this definitely disproves that religious ideology effects the major outcome of social behavior.

Footnotes:
*This field describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country.

**This field gives the percent of women of reproductive age (15-49) who are married or in union and are using, or whose sexual partner is using, a method of contraception according to the date of the most recent available data. The contraceptive prevalence rate is an indicator of health services, development, and women’s empowerment. It is also useful in understanding, past, present, and future fertility trends, especially in developing countries. –CIA World Factbook


Also looked at these web sources:

Pew Report
OECD Better Life Index

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